Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nokuhlelwa kweebheringi zemagnethi

 

Ukuthwala kweMagneticiinkqubo zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu ngokwemigaqo yazo yokusebenza: i-Active Magnetic Bearing, i-Passive Magnetic Bearing, kunye ne-Hybrid Magnetic Bearing.

 

Ukuthwala kwemagnethi okusebenzayo

 

Iibheringi zemagnethi ezisebenzayo zisebenzisa amandla e-electromagnetic alawulekayo ukuhambisa i-shaft ejikelezayo, equlunqwe ikakhulu zii-rotors, ii-solenoids, ii-sensors, ii-controllers, kunye nee-power amplifiers. Ii-solenoids zifakwe kwi-stator exhonywe kwintsimi yemagnethi eveliswa zii-electromagnets ezibekwe kwi-radial symmetry, nganye yazo ixhotyiswe nge-sensor enye okanye ezingaphezulu ukujonga rhoqo utshintsho kwindawo ye-shaft. Ukuphuma kwesignali evela kwi-sensor, ngoncedo lwenkqubo yolawulo lwe-elektroniki, kulungisa umbane nge-electromagnet, ukuze kulawulwe ukutsala kwe-electromagnet, ukuze i-shaft ejikelezayo isebenze kwimeko ezinzileyo nelinganayo, kwaye ifezekise iimfuno ezithile zokuchaneka.

 

Iibheringi zemagnethi ezisebenzayo zinokwahlulwa zibe lulawulo lwangoku kunye nolawulo lwevolthi ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo, kwaye zinokwahlulwa zibe ziibheringi zemagnethi zeradial kunye neebheringi zemagnethi ze-axial ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxhasa. Okwangoku, phakathi kweebheringi zemagnethi ezisebenzayo, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu yibheringi yemagnethi elawulwa yiDC.

 

Inxalenye yoomatshini ye-active magnetic bearing idla ngokuba yi-radial bearing kunye ne-axial bearing, kwaye i-radial bearing yenziwe yi-stator (i-electromagnet) kunye ne-rotor; Ii-Axial bearings ziquke i-stator (i-electromagnet) kunye ne-thrust plate.

 

Ngenxa yokuba i-active magnetic bearing ineengenelo zesikhundla se-rotor, ukuqina kwe-bearing kunye ne-damping kunokugqitywa yinkqubo yolawulo, iyeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo le-magnetic levitation, kwaye uphando lwe-active magnetic bearing luhlala luyinto ephambili kuphando lwetekhnoloji ye-magnetic levitation. Emva kweminyaka yokusebenza nzima, ithiyori yayo yoyilo kunye neendlela ziye zakhula ngakumbi.

 

Ukuthwala ngemagnethi okungasebenziyo

 

Njengohlobo lwe-magnetic bearing, i-passive magnetic bearing ineenzuzo zayo ezikhethekileyo, incinci ngobukhulu, ayisebenzisi mandla, kwaye ilula ngesakhiwo. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwee-passive magnetic bearing kunye nee-active magnetic bearing kukuba le yokuqala ayinayo inkqubo yokulawula ye-elektroniki esebenzayo, kodwa isebenzisa iimpawu ze-magnetic field ngokwayo ukuhambisa i-rotary shaft. Okwangoku, ii-passive magnetic bearing ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zii-permanent magnet bearings ezenziwe zii-permanent magnets. Ii-permanent magnet bearings zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lokurhoxisa kunye nohlobo lokufunxa.

 

Iibheringi zemagnethi ezisisigxina ezingasebenziyo zingasetyenziswa njengeebheringi zeradial kunye neebheringi ze-thrust (iibheringi ze-axial), zombini ezinokuba kukufunxa okanye ukugxotha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwicala lemagnetization kunye nendawo ehambelanayo yendandatho yemagnethi, iibheringi zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zesekethe yemagnethi. Kodwa kukho izakhiwo ezimbini ezisisiseko.

 

Olunye uhlobo lwe-passive magnetic bearing lusekelwe kumandla okufunxa, asebenza phakathi kwezinto ze-magnetized soft magnetic. Xa i-rotor component ihamba nge-radially, isiphumo sokufunxa sivela kutshintsho kwi-magnetoresistance, ngoko ke ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"magnetoresistive bearing". Olu hlobo lwe-bearing lunokuyilwa ukuze i-permanent magnet part ingajikelezi, kwaye i-soft iron part kuphela ijikeleze, ukuze inkqubo ibe nozinzo olungcono.

 

Ukudibana kweziphumo zokuzinza kweebheringi zokungafuni kunye nee-solenoids ezisebenzayo kubangela inkqubo ye-magnetic bearing esebenzisa amandla amancinci.

 

Iibheringi zemagnethi zeHybrid

 

Iibheringi zemagnethi ezidityanisiweyo zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwiibheringi zemagnethi ezisebenzayo, iibheringi zemagnethi ezingasebenziyo kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezincedisayo kunye nezizinzileyo - uhlobo lwenkqubo yokuthwala imagnethi edibeneyo. Iqwalasela iimpawu ezipheleleyo zeebheringi zemagnethi ezisebenzayo kunye neebheringi zemagnethi ezingasebenziyo.

 

I-hybrid magnetic bearing kukusebenzisa i-magnetic field eveliswa yi-permanent magnet ukuze ithathe indawo ye-static bias magnetic field ye-electromagnet, engenakukwazi nje ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-power amplifier, kodwa ikwanciphisa nenani le-ampere turns ye-electromagnet ngesiqingatha, inciphise umthamo we-magnetic bearing, kwaye iphucule umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo.

 

Ekubeni intsimi yemagnethi ebangela ucalucalulo iveliswa yimagnethi esisigxina kwaye intsimi yemagnethi elawulwayo iveliswa yi-electromagnet, iibheringi zemagnethi ezidityanisiweyo zemagnethi ezihlala zihleli zinezibonelelo ezilandelayo:

 

1) Imagnethi esisigxina isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngentsimi yemagnethi engashukumiyo ye-bias, kwaye i-electromagnet ibonelela kuphela ngentsimi yemagnethi yokulawula ukulinganisela umthwalo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, okunokuthintela ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa yi-bias current yenkqubo kwaye kunciphise ukufudumeza kwekhoyili.

 

2) Inani leenguqu ezifunekayo kwi-electromagnet ye-hybrid magnetic bearing lincinci kakhulu kunelo le-active magnetic bearing, nto leyo enceda ekunciphiseni umthamo we-magnetic bearing kunye nezinto zokugcina. Olu hlobo lwe-bearing luneengenelo zobukhulu obuncinci, ubunzima obulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye lufanelekile kwi-miniaturization kunye nokusetyenziswa kobukhulu obuncinci.