Kutheni oomatshini abaninzi bemigodi bekhetha iibheringi eziqengqelekayo endaweni yokutyibilika?

Njengenxalenye eyimfuneko kunye nebalulekileyo kwimveliso yomatshini, iibheringi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni i-shafts ejikelezayo. Ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo zokukhuhlana kwibheringi, ukuthwala kwahlulwe ibe yi-rolling friction bear (ekubhekiswa kuyo njenge-rolling bearing) kunye ne-sliding friction bear (ebizwa ngokuba yi-sliding bear). Iintlobo ezimbini zeebherethi zineempawu zazo kwisakhiwo, kwaye nganye ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokungonakali ekusebenzeni.

Ukuthelekisa ukuqengqeleka kunye neebheringi ezicacileyo

1. Ukuthelekiswa kwesakhiwo kunye nemo yokunyakaza

Owona mahluko ucacileyo phakathi kweebheringi eziqengqelekayo kunyeiibheringi ezicacileyobubukho okanye ukungabikho kwezinto eziqengqelekayo.

Iibheringi ezijikelezayo zinezinto ezijikelezayo (iibhola, i-cylindrical rollers, i-tapered rollers, ii-naliti ze-naliti) ezixhomekeke ekujikelezeni kwazo ukuxhasa i-shaft ejikelezayo, ngoko ke inxalenye yoqhagamshelwano inqaku, kunye neendawo ezijikelezayo ezingaphezulu, iindawo zoqhagamshelwano.

Iibheringi ezicacileyoazikho izinto ezijikelezayo kwaye zithembele kwiindawo ezigudileyo ukuxhasa i-shaft ejikelezayo, ngoko ke inxalenye yoqhagamshelwano yindawo.

 

Umahluko kwisakhiwo sesibini sinquma ukuba imo yokunyakaza ye-rolling bear rolling, kwaye imo yokunyakaza ye-sliding bearing is sliding, ngoko ke imeko ye-friction ihluke ngokupheleleyo.

 

2. Ukuthelekiswa komthamo wokuthwala

Ngokubanzi, ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokuthwala i-sliding bearing, umthamo wayo wokuthwala uphezulu kakhulu kunowokuqengqeleka, kwaye ukukwazi kwe-rolling yokuthwala umthwalo wempembelelo awukho phezulu, kodwa i-liquid-lubricated bearing ngokupheleleyo inokuthwala. umthwalo omkhulu wempembelelo ngenxa yendima yokunyuswa kunye nokungcangcazela ngenxa yefilimu yeoli yokuthambisa. Xa isantya sokujikeleza siphezulu, amandla e-centrifugal yezinto ezijikelezayo kwi-rolling bearing yanda, kwaye umthamo wayo wokuthwala umthwalo uyancitshiswa (ingxolo ilungele ukuba yenzeke ngesantya esiphezulu). Kwimeko yeebheringi eziguquguqukayo ezicacileyo, umthamo wabo wokuthwala umthwalo uyanda ngesantya esiphezulu.

 

3. Ukuthelekiswa kwe-friction coefficient kunye nokuqala ukumelana nokuxhatshazwa

Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, i-coefficient ye-friction ye-rolling bearings iphantsi kuneebheringi ezicacileyo, kwaye ixabiso lizinzile. I-lubrication ye-sliding bearings ichaphazeleka lula ngezinto zangaphandle ezifana nesantya kunye nokunyakaza, kwaye i-coefficient ye-friction iyahluka ngokubanzi.

 

Ekuqaliseni, ukuchasana kukhulu kunoko-rolling bearing ngenxa yokuba i-sliding bearing ayikenzi ifilimu yeoli ezinzileyo, kodwa ukuqala kokumelana nokuxhatshazwa kunye nokusebenza kwe-friction coefficient ye-hydrostatic sliding bear incinci kakhulu.

 

4. Ukuthelekiswa kwezantya ezisebenzayo zokusebenza

Ngenxa yokunciphisa amandla e-centrifugal ye-rolling element kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwi-bearing, isantya se-rolling bearing ayikwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ifanelekile kwiimeko zokusebenza zesantya esiphakathi kunye nesezantsi. Ulwelo olungaphelelanga iibheringi lubricated ngenxa yokufudumeza kunye nokugqoka ukuthwala, isantya sokusebenza akufanele sibe phezulu kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu seebheringi ze-liquid-lubricated ngokupheleleyo zilungile kakhulu, ngakumbi xa iibheringi ze-hydrostatic plain zithanjiswa ngomoya, kwaye isantya sazo sokujikeleza sinokufikelela kwi-100,000 r / min.

 

5. Ukuthelekiswa kokulahlekelwa kwamandla

Ngenxa ye-coefficient encinci ye-friction yeebheringi eziqengqelekayo, ilahleko yabo yamandla ayiyonto inkulu, engaphantsi kwaleyo yeebheringi ezithanjiswayo zolwelo ezingaphelelanga, kodwa ziya kwanda kakhulu xa zithanjiswa kwaye zifakwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ilahleko yamandla ekhubekisanayo yeebheringi ezigcotyiweyo ngokupheleleyo zolwelo ziphantsi, kodwa kwiibheringi ze-hydrostatic plain, ilahleko yamandla iyonke inokuba phezulu kuneebheringi zethafa le-hydrostatic ngenxa yokulahleka kwamandla empompo yeoli.

 

6. Ukuthelekiswa kobomi benkonzo

Ngenxa yempembelelo ye-pitting yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokudinwa, iibheringi eziqengqelekayo ziyilelwe ngokubanzi iminyaka eyi-5 ~ 10, okanye zitshintshwe ngexesha lokulungiswa. Iipads zeebheringi ezingaphelelanga zolwelo-lubricated zinxitywe kakhulu kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo. Ubomi beebheringi zolwelo-lubricated ngokupheleleyo ngokwethiyori abunamda, kodwa ekusebenzeni ukudinwa kwesixhobo sokuthwala kungenzeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokuhamba ngebhayisikile, ngakumbi kwiibheringi eziguquguqukayo ezicacileyo.

 

7. Ukuthelekiswa kokuchaneka kokujikeleza

Iibheringi eziqengqelekayo ngokuqhelekileyo zinokuchaneka okuphezulu kokujikeleza ngenxa yokukhutshwa kweradial encinci. Ulwelo olungaphelelanga lubricated bearing is in the state of boundary lubrication or mixed lubrication, and operation is unstable, and wear is serious, and accuracy is low. Ngenxa yobukho befilimu yeoli, i-liquid-lubricated bearing cushions ngokupheleleyo kwaye ithatha i-vibration ngokuchaneka okuphezulu. Iibheringi zamathafa eHydrostatic zinokuchaneka okuphezulu kokujikeleza.

 

8. Ukuthelekiswa kweminye imiba

Iibheringi eziqengqelekayo zisebenzisa ioyile, igrisi okanye ilubricant eqinileyo, isixa sincinci kakhulu, isixa sikhulu ngesantya esiphezulu, ukucoceka kweoyile kufunwa ukuba kube phezulu, ngoko ke kuyafuneka ukuba kutywinwe, kodwa ukuthwala kulula ukuyitshintsha. , kwaye ngokubanzi ayifuni ukulungisa ijenali. Kwiibheringi ezicacileyo, ukongeza kwiibheringi ezingaphelelanga zokuthambisa ulwelo, isithambisi silulwelo okanye igesi ngokubanzi, isixa sikhulu kakhulu, iimfuno zokucoceka kweoyile nazo ziphezulu kakhulu, iipads ezithwele kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ijenali iyalungiswa. .

 

Ukukhethwa kweebheringi eziqengqelekayo kunye neebheringi ezicacileyo

Ngenxa yobunzima kunye neemeko zokusebenza zangempela, akukho mgangatho odibeneyo wokukhethwa kweebheringi eziqengqelekayo kunye neebheringi zokuslayida. Ngenxa ye-coefficient encinci ye-friction, ukuchasana kokuqala okuncinci, ubuntununtunu, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kunye nomgangatho, iibheringi eziqengqelekayo zinokutshintshiselana okugqwesileyo kunye nokuguquguquka, kwaye zikulungele ukusebenzisa, ukuthambisa kunye nokugcina, kwaye zinikwa kuqala kuqala ekukhetheni, ke zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. koomatshini ngokubanzi. Iibheringi ezithafa ngokwazo zineengenelo ezithile ezizodwa, ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko apho iibheringi eziqengqelekayo zingenakusetyenziswa, zingonwabi okanye zingenazinto eziluncedo, ezifana nezi zihlandlo zilandelayo:

 

1. Ubungakanani bendawo yeradial bulinganiselwe, okanye ukufakela kufuneka kwahlulwe

Ngenxa yendandatho yangaphakathi, i-ring yangaphandle, i-rolling element kunye ne-cage kwisakhiwo, ubukhulu be-radial bearing bearing bukhulu, kwaye isicelo sinqunyelwe kwinqanaba elithile. Iibheringi ze-needle roller ziyafumaneka xa imilinganiselo ye-radial ingqongqo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, iibheringi ezicacileyo ziyafuneka. Kwiindawo ezingathandekiyo ukuba zibe neebheringi, okanye zingenakunyuswa ukusuka kwicala le-axial, okanye apho iinxalenye kufuneka zihlulwe zibe ziinxalenye, iibhereyitha ezinqamlekileyo zisetyenziswa.

 

2. Izihlandlo ezichanekileyo

Xa ukuthwala okusetyenzisiweyo kuneemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, i-sliding bear ikhethwa ngokubanzi, kuba ifilimu ye-oyile yokuthambisa ye-sliding bear can buffer vibration absorption, kwaye xa ukuchaneka kuphezulu kakhulu, kuphela i-hydrostatic sliding bear inokukhethwa. Ukuchaneka kunye noomatshini bokugaya obuchanekileyo, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezichanekileyo, njl., iibheringi ze-sliding zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

 

3. Izihlandlo zomthwalo onzima

Iibhodi ezijikelezayo, nokuba iibhola zebhola okanye ii-roller bearings, ziyakwazi ukushisa kunye nokukhathala kwiimeko ezinzima. Ke ngoko, xa umthwalo mkhulu, iibheringi ezityibilikayo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu, njengee-rolling Mills, ii-injini zomphunga, izixhobo ze-injini ye-aero kunye noomatshini bemigodi.

 

4. Ezinye izihlandlo

Umzekelo, isantya sokusebenza siphezulu kakhulu, ukothuka kunye nokungcangcazela kukhulu ngokungaqhelekanga, kunye nesidingo sokusebenza emanzini okanye kwimidiya ebolileyo, njl.njl., iibheringi zokutyibilika nazo zinokukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo.

 

Kuhlobo oluthile loomatshini kunye nezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kweebheringi eziqengqelekayo kunye neebheringi ze-sliding, nganye ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokungalunganga, kwaye kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokudibanisa neprojekthi yangempela. Ngaphambili, izityumli ezinkulu neziphakathi ziqhele ukusebenzisa iibheringi zokutyibilika eziphoswe nge-babbitt, kuba zazinokumelana nemithwalo emikhulu yempembelelo, kwaye zazixhathisa ngakumbi kwaye zizinzile. I-crusher yomhlathi omncinci isetyenziswa kakhulu kunye neebheringi eziqengqelekayo, ezinokuhanjiswa okuphezulu, zinovakalelo kwaye kulula ukuzigcina. Ngophuculo lwenqanaba lobugcisa lokwenziwa kwe-rolling bearing, uninzi lwezaphuli zemihlathi ezinkulu zikwasetyenziswa kwiibheringi eziqengqelekayo.