Kutheni uninzi lwezixhobo zokwemba zikhetha ii-rolling bearings endaweni yee-sliding bearings?

Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo neyimfuneko kwiimveliso zoomatshini, iibheringi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni iishafti ezijikelezayo. Ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo zokungqubana kwibheringi, ibheringi yahlulwe yaba yi-rolling friction bearing (ebizwa ngokuba yi-rolling bearing) kunye ne-sliding friction bearing (ebizwa ngokuba yi-sliding bearing). Ezi ntlobo zimbini zeebheringi zineempawu zazo kwisakhiwo, kwaye nganye inezibonelelo zayo kunye nokungalungi kwayo ekusebenzeni.

Uthelekiso lweebheringi eziqengqelekayo nezilula

1. Uthelekiso lwesakhiwo kunye nendlela yokuhamba

Umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kweebheringi eziqengqelekayo kunyeiibheringi ezingenantokubukho okanye ukungabikho kwezinto eziqengqelekayo.

Iibheringi eziqengqelekayo zinezinto eziqengqelekayo (iibhola, iirola ezisilinda, iirola ezithambileyo, iirola zeenaliti) ezixhomekeke ekujikelezeni kwazo ukuxhasa umngxuma ojikelezayo, ngoko ke inxalenye yoqhagamshelwano yingongoma, kwaye okukhona izinto eziqengqelekayo zininzi, kokukhona iindawo zonxibelelwano zininzi.

Iibheringi ezingenantoazinazo izinto eziqengqelekayo kwaye zixhomekeke kwiindawo ezigudileyo ukuxhasa umngxuma ojikelezayo, ngoko ke inxalenye yoqhagamshelwano ngumphezulu.

 

Umahluko kwisakhiwo sazo zombini umisela ukuba indlela yokuhamba kwebheri eqengqelekayo iyaqengqeleka, kwaye indlela yokuhamba kwebheri eqengqelekayo iyaqengqeleka, ngoko ke imeko yokungqubana yahlukile ngokupheleleyo.

 

2. Uthelekiso lomthamo wokuthwala

Ngokubanzi, ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokuthwala yebheriya etyibilikayo, umthamo wayo wokuthwala uphezulu kakhulu kunowebheriya eqengqelekayo, kwaye amandla ebheriya eqengqelekayo okuthwala umthwalo wempembelelo akaphezulu, kodwa ibheriya egcotyiweyo ngokupheleleyo inokuthwala umthwalo omkhulu wempembelelo ngenxa yendima yokucushion kunye nokufunxwa kokungcangcazela ngenxa yefilimu yeoyile yokuthambisa. Xa isantya sokujikeleza siphezulu, amandla e-centrifugal ezinto eziqengqelekayo kwibheriya eqengqelekayo ayanda, kwaye umthamo wayo wokuthwala umthwalo uyancipha (ingxolo inokwenzeka ngesantya esiphezulu). Kwimeko yeebheriya ezicacileyo eziguquguqukayo, umthamo wazo wokuthwala umthwalo uyanda ngesantya esiphezulu.

 

3. Uthelekiso lomlinganiselo wokungqubana kunye nokumelana nokungqubana kokuqala

Phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo, i-friction coefficient yee-rolling bearings iphantsi kuneyee-plain bearings, kwaye ixabiso lizinzile ngakumbi. Ukuthambisa kwee-sliding bearings kuchaphazeleka lula zizinto zangaphandle ezifana nesantya kunye nokungcangcazela, kwaye i-friction coefficient iyahluka kakhulu.

 

Ekuqaleni, ukumelana kukhulu kunokwe-rolling bearing kuba i-sliding bearing ayikayikhi ifilimu yeoyile ezinzileyo, kodwa ukumelana kokuqala kokungqubana kunye ne-working friction coefficient ye-hydrostatic sliding bearing zincinci kakhulu.

 

4. Uthelekiso lwezantya zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo

Ngenxa yokuthintelwa kwamandla e-centrifugal e-rolling element kunye nokunyuka kobushushu be-bearing, isantya se-rolling bearing asinakuba phezulu kakhulu, kwaye ngokubanzi ifanelekile kwiimeko zokusebenza zesantya esiphakathi nesiphantsi. Ii-liquid lubricated bearing ezingaphelelanga ngenxa yokufudumeza kunye nokuguguleka kwe-bearing, isantya sokusebenza akufuneki sibe phezulu kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu kwee-liquid-lubricated bearings kulungile kakhulu, ingakumbi xa ii-hydrostatic plain bearings zithanjiswe ngomoya, kwaye isantya sazo sokujikeleza sinokufikelela kwi-100,000 r/min.

 

5. Uthelekiso lokulahleka kwamandla

Ngenxa ye-coefficient encinci yokungqubana kwee-rolling bearings, ukulahleka kwamandla abo ngokubanzi akubi mkhulu, okungaphantsi kwe-liquid lubricated bearings ezingaphelelanga, kodwa kuya kwanda kakhulu xa kuthanjiswe kwaye kufakwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukulahleka kwamandla okungqubana kwee-liquid-lubricated bearings kuphantsi, kodwa kwii-hydrostatic plain bearings, ukulahleka kwamandla okupheleleyo kunokuba phezulu kune-hydrostatic plain bearings ngenxa yokulahleka kwamandla epompo yeoyile.

 

6. Uthelekiso lobomi benkonzo

Ngenxa yempembelelo yokufakwa kwezinto kunye nokudinwa, ii-rolling bearings zihlala ziyilelwe iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10, okanye zitshintshwe ngexesha lokulungiswa. Ii-pads zee-liquid-lubricated bearings ezingaphelelanga zigugile kakhulu kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo. Ubomi bee-liquid-lubricated bearings ngokupheleleyo abunamda ngokwethiyori, kodwa ngokwesiqhelo ukungaphumeleli kokudinwa kwezinto ze-bearings kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokujikeleza koxinzelelo, ngakumbi kwii-dynamic plain bearings.

 

7. Uthelekiso lokuchaneka kokujikeleza

Iibheringi eziqengqelekayo zihlala zinobuchane bokujikeleza okuphezulu ngenxa yokususwa okuncinci kwe-radial. Ibheringi engaphelelanga yolwelo efakwe i-lubricant ikwimeko yokuthambisa okulinganiselweyo okanye ukuthambisa okuxutyiweyo, kwaye ukusebenza akuzinzanga, kwaye ukuguguleka kukhulu, kwaye ukuchaneka kuphantsi. Ngenxa yokubakho kwefilimu yeoyile, imiqamelo yeebheringi ezifakwe i-lubricated ngokupheleleyo ifunxa ukungcangcazela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu. Iibheringi ezicacileyo ze-hydrostatic zinobuchane bokujikeleza obuphezulu.

 

8. Ukuthelekiswa kwezinye izinto

Iibheringi eziqengqelekayo zisebenzisa ioyile, igrisi okanye igrisi eqinileyo, ubungakanani buncinci kakhulu, ubungakanani bukhulu ngesantya esiphezulu, ukucoceka kweoyile kufuneka kube phezulu, ngoko ke kufuneka ivalwe, kodwa ibheringi kulula ukuyitshintsha, kwaye ngokubanzi ayidingi ukulungisa ijenali. Kwiibheringi ezicacileyo, ukongeza kwiibheringi zokuthambisa ezingamanzi ezingaphelelanga, igrisi ngokubanzi ilulwelo okanye igesi, ubungakanani bukhulu kakhulu, iimfuno zokucoceka kweoyile nazo ziphezulu kakhulu, iibheyaringi kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ijenali iyalungiswa.

 

Ukukhethwa kweebheringi eziqengqelekayo kunye neebheringi ezicacileyo

Ngenxa yeemeko zokusebenza ezintsonkothileyo nezahlukeneyo, akukho mgangatho udibeneyo wokukhetha ii-rolling bearings kunye nee-sliding bearings. Ngenxa ye-friction coefficient encinci, ukumelana okuncinci kokuqala, uvakalelo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nomgangatho, ii-rolling bearings zinokutshintshana okuhle kakhulu kunye nokuguquguquka, kwaye zilula ukuzisebenzisa, ukuthambisa kunye nokuzigcina, kwaye ngokubanzi zinikwa indawo ephambili ekukhetheni, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimashini ngokubanzi. Ii-plain bearings ngokwazo zinezibonelelo ezithile ezikhethekileyo, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinye iimeko apho ii-rolling bearings zingasetyenziswa, zingabalulekanga okanye zingenazo izibonelelo, ezifana nezi zilandelayo:

 

1. Ubungakanani bendawo ye-radial bulinganiselwe, okanye ufakelo kufuneka lwahlulwe

Ngenxa yeringi yangaphakathi, iringi yangaphandle, into eqengqelekayo kunye nekheyiji kwisakhiwo, ubungakanani beradial bearing eqengqelekayo bukhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe kwinqanaba elithile. Iibheringi zerola yeenaliti ziyafumaneka xa ubukhulu beradial buqinile, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka iibheringi ezicacileyo. Kwiindawo ezingakwaziyo ukuba neebheringi, okanye ezingenakufakelwa kwicala le-axial, okanye apho iindawo kufuneka zahlulwe zibe ziinxalenye, kusetyenziswa iibheringi ezicacileyo eziqhekekileyo.

 

2. Iziganeko ezichanekileyo kakhulu

Xa ibheri esetyenzisiweyo ineemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka, ibheri etyibilikayo idla ngokukhethwa, kuba ifilimu yeoyile yokuthambisa yebheri etyibilikayo inokuthintela ukufunxwa kokungcangcazela, kwaye xa ukuchaneka kuphezulu kakhulu, kuphela ibheri etyibilikayo ye-hydrostatic enokunyulwa. Kwiimashini zokusila ezichanekileyo nezichaneke kakhulu, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuchaneka, njl.njl., iibheri ezityibilikayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

 

3. Izihlandlo zomthwalo onzima

Iibheringi eziqengqelekayo, nokuba ziibheringi zebhola okanye iibheringi eziqengqelekayo, zidla ngokuba nobushushu nokudinwa kwiimeko ezinzima. Ke ngoko, xa umthwalo umkhulu, iibheringi ezityibilikayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu, ezifana neerolling mills, iiturbines zomphunga, izixhobo zeenjini zeaero kunye noomatshini bokwemba.

 

4. Amanye amaxesha

Umzekelo, isantya sokusebenza siphezulu kakhulu, ukutshayiswa kunye nokungcangcazela kukhulu kakhulu, kwaye imfuneko yokusebenza emanzini okanye kwimidiya ekonakalisayo, njl.njl., iibheringi ezityibilikayo nazo zingakhethwa ngokufanelekileyo.

 

Kwimihlobo yoomatshini nezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-rolling bearings kunye nee-sliding bearings, nganye ineengenelo kunye neengxaki zayo, kwaye kufuneka ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye neprojekthi yokwenyani. Ngaphambili, ii-crusher ezinkulu neziphakathi zazisebenzisa ii-sliding bearings ezifakwe i-babbitt, kuba zazinokumelana nemithwalo emikhulu yempembelelo, kwaye zazinganyangeki ngakumbi kwaye zizinzile. I-jaw crusher encinci isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-rolling bearings, ezinokusebenza okuphezulu kokudlulisa, zinobuthathaka ngakumbi kwaye kulula ukuzigcina. Ngokuphuculwa kwenqanaba lobuchwephesha lokwenziwa kwee-rolling bearings, uninzi lwee-jaw breakers ezinkulu zikwasetyenziswa kwii-rolling bearings.